Thank you for your answer.
Note that it seems that I cannot make it work on Windows but I think it is linked to the specifics of that OS. I will test on wsl to confirm (or not) that.
clj -Sdeps '{:mvn/local-repo "D:/temp/m2repository"}'
Error building classpath. class clojure.lang.Symbol cannot be cast to class java.lang.String (clojure.lang.Symbol is in unnamed module of loader 'app'; java.lang.String is in module java.base of loader 'bootstrap')
java.lang.ClassCastException: class clojure.lang.Symbol cannot be cast to class java.lang.String (clojure.lang.Symbol is in unnamed module of loader 'app'; java.lang.String is in module java.base of loader 'bootstrap')
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha.util.maven$make_local_repo.invokeStatic(maven.clj:136)
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha.util.maven$make_local_repo.invoke(maven.clj:136)
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha.util.maven$make_session.invokeStatic(maven.clj:195)
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha.util.maven$make_session.invoke(maven.clj:192)
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha.extensions.maven$eval1016$fn__1018$fn__1022.invoke(maven.clj:103)
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha.util.session$retrieve.invokeStatic(session.clj:23)
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha.util.session$retrieve.invoke(session.clj:14)
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha.extensions.maven$eval1016$fn__1018.invoke(maven.clj:103)
at clojure.lang.MultiFn.invoke(MultiFn.java:244)
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha$expand_deps$children_task__763$fn__765$fn__766.invoke(alpha.clj:372)
at clojure.tools.deps.alpha.util.concurrent$submit_task$task__500.invoke(concurrent.clj:33)
at clojure.lang.AFn.call(AFn.java:18)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)