_Comment made by: jafingerhut_
I don't believe Clojure ever documented that it would support keywords like :3/a
I believe the reason that it does not cause an error is an explicit effort to avoid breaking some Clojure programs that came to rely upon this undocumented / unpromised behavior. See comments on ticket CLJ-1252. For officially supported characters in symbols and keywords, see the Symbols and Literals sections of this page:
https://clojure.org/reference/reader
Disclaimer: I am not a decision maker in these matters. I am only commenting to provide some background.
I would be somewhat surprised if a decision was made to support "#:3{:a 1}" in the Clojure reader.